A powerful virus that will wipe out the human race from the face of the earth and a bioterror attack sound like Hollywood blockbuster scenarios, but scientists insist they are real… Threats that could lead to the end of the world.
Researchers from Oxford University’s Institute for the Future of Humanity and the Global Challenges Foundation have conducted the first reliable scientific assessment of the potential end-of-the-world risks.
Some of the 12 scenarios presented by the researchers are beyond our control, but most are the result of our own efforts of developments and innovations in technology and science.
The related report states, “The aim is not only to present potential scenarios that will lead to our extinction, but above all to issue a call to action, based on the hypothetical state in which the human race can respond to challenges and turn them into opportunities.”
1. The deadly epidemic
Infectious diseases will be a combination of traits such as incurability (such as Ebola), increased mortality (such as rabies), increased transmissibility (such as the common cold), and a long incubation period (such as HIV). If such a virus begins to spread before the danger is realized, health systems around the world will have to act with unprecedented speed and devote significant resources to saving humanity.
2. Synthetic Biology
Genetic engineering allows the creation of microorganisms with amazing capabilities, which may be life-saving in treating diseases. But it can be used to serve diabolical purposes, potentially creating a pathogenic microorganism with catastrophic consequences for the human body or a vital part of the global ecosystem. This can happen due to mishandling or on purpose as an act of bioterrorism.
3. Nanotechnology
Precise crafting techniques can create materials with unique properties, but it is also possible for them to become a component of terrifying super weapons. There is also the possibility that the planet will be taken over by nanobots that are super intelligent and capable of self-replicating.
4. Asteroid collision
Asteroids with a diameter of at least 5 kilometers – that is, large enough to wipe all traces of civilization from our planet – collide with Earth every 20 million years. Perhaps advances in technology will allow detection of such threats to avoid collision and put the asteroid into a safe orbit.
5. Artificial intelligence
No one knows if there is a real danger that we will be wiped out by the onslaught of AI machines, which is why scientists do not consider this scenario as the most likely.
6. Super Volcano
The effects of a supervolcano erupting would be very similar to those of a giant asteroid crashing into Earth.
7. Environmental collapse
The complete collapse of the global ecosystem will cause the global population to become unsustainable. This is one of the most complex scenarios that the Apocalypse could bring.
8. Unfortunate political manipulations
This category includes the incorrect handling of issues of global concern, leading for example to the emergence of a totally incompetent and corrupt global dictatorship.
9. The collapse of the world order
Economic and social collapse will include uncontrollable unrest and a complete breakdown of law and order.
10. Extreme weather changes
An increase in the average temperature of the planet could lead to mass deaths from starvation and thus lead to the collapse of civilization on a global scale.
11. Nuclear war
The use of nuclear weapons can produce particles that circulate in the atmosphere, greatly limiting the reach of solar radiation to the Earth.
12. Unknown Consequences
The last and most general category relates to known and unknown factors that may lead to the end of the world. It is an amalgamation of all possible risks that we cannot imagine or that individually we consider highly unlikely, but taken together can pose a significant threat.
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