London-New York in 30 seconds: At this speed, NASA's Parker Solar Probe is preparing to “touch the sun” [videos]

One of the most important of these explanations is a clearer explanation of how the corona, which is the outer atmosphere of the sun, works.

The temperature of the Sun in its photosphere, i.e. its surface, is about 6000 degrees Celsius, but inside the corona it can reach millions of degrees Celsius and more.

You might think that the temperature would decrease with distance from the star's core.

Also inside the coronal region the outward flow of charged particles – electrons, protons and heavy ions – is suddenly accelerated into supersonic winds traveling at 400 km/sec, or 1,000,000 miles per hour.

Scientists cannot yet fully explain this. But it is crucial for improving predictions of solar behavior and “space weather” phenomena.

The latter refers to powerful explosions of particles and magnetic fields coming from the Sun that can degrade communications on Earth and even disrupt power grids. Radiation also poses health risks to astronauts.

Dr. Rawafi said: “This takes on a new dimension, especially since we are now thinking about sending women and men to the moon, and even establishing a permanent presence on the moon’s surface.”

source: BBC

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